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Kasper Groes Albin Ludvigsen

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Kasper Groes Albin Ludvigsen

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Aug 6, 2023

ChatGPT’s energy use per query

How much electricity does ChatGPT use to answer one question?

ChatGPT’s energy use per query

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Kasper Groes Albin Ludvigsen

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Dec 1, 2022

How to estimate and reduce the carbon footprint of machine learning models

Two ways to easily estimate the carbon footprint of machine learning models and 17 ideas for how you might reduce it

How to estimate and reduce the carbon footprint of machine learning models

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May 12, 2022

How to make a PyTorch Transformer for time series forecasting

This post will show you how to transform a time series Transformer architecture diagram into PyTorch code step by step.

A transformer station

Kasper Groes Albin Ludvigsen

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Jun 11, 2025

Estimating the energy consumption of an AI giga factory

Is it really true that an AI giga factory consumes as much electricity as 2 million households?

Estimating the energy consumption of an AI giga factory

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Kasper Groes Albin Ludvigsen

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Mar 7, 2024

End-to-End NLP Project with Hugging Face, FastAPI, and Docker

This tutorial explains how to build a containerized sentiment analysis API using Hugging Face, FastAPI and Docker

End-to-End NLP Project with Hugging Face, FastAPI, and Docker

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Kasper Groes Albin Ludvigsen

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Feb 22, 2024

Carbon footprint of LLM fine tuning — a case study

I got surprising results when I measured the carbon emissions from instruction fine tuning an LLM.

Carbon footprint of LLM fine tuning — a case study

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Kasper Groes Albin Ludvigsen

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Feb 6, 2024

Set up a local LLM on CPU with chat UI in 15 minutes

This blog post shows how to easily run an LLM locally and how to set up a ChatGPT-like GUI in 4 easy steps.

Set up a local LLM on CPU with chat UI in 15 minutes

Kasper Groes Albin Ludvigsen

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Nov 4, 2023

The Carbon Emissions of Writing and Illustrating Are Lower for AI than for Humans – review

This is a discussion of the results of the paper “The carbon emissions of writing and illustrating are lower for AI than for humans”

The Carbon Emissions of Writing and Illustrating Are Lower for AI than for Humans – review

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Oct 31, 2023

Is Generative AI Worth Its Environmental Footprint?

Generative AI might have a noticeable environmental footprint, and this story discusses what we may stand to gain in return.

Is Generative AI Worth Its Environmental Footprint?

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Jul 18, 2023

The carbon footprint of GPT-4

Recently leaked data allows us for the first time to estimate the carbon emissions from training OpenAI’s GPT-4.

The carbon footprint of GPT-4

Kasper Groes Albin Ludvigsen

Kasper Groes Albin Ludvigsen

I write about LLMs, time series forecasting, sustainable data science and green software engineering

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